The majority of the Romanlar in Turkey, on the other hand, believe that they are the descendants of the Indian servants of Cleopatra, the last queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, or the descendants of Indian traders who came to Egypt later during the Roman-Indian trade relations between 1st century AD - 2nd century AD, and lived there for several centuries, mixed with the Copts. This legend spread widely among the Christian and Muslim Roma in North Macedonia and Greece. Some Roma groups believe they are the descendants of Indians who were brought to Europe by Alexander the Great around the year 326 BC. Some believe the Roma are their descendants. The Sinti in Germany believe that their ancestors once came to Europe as war refugees from Sindh in 711-713 AD through the Umayyads under Muhammad ibn al Qasim, while some said they are the descendants of the Sintians who live once in Sintiki in Europe.Īnother legend described the Persian king Bahram V, who took musicians from India to Iran at 420-438 AD, then wandered over the silk road to Europe. There is a genetic study which clearly shows that Roma are genetically close to Indian untouchables or descended from Indian Dalits. In Hungary there is a claim that the Roma are descendants of the untouchable, the Dalits, who came to Europe from India between 400 and 500 AD. However, this contradicts the Byzantine written mentions of Roma people who lived in Thrace in Europe already at 800-803 AD. Many versions were put up by non-Roma, especially the version of the evangelical missionaries, that the Roma were supposedly the descendants of Indian slaves who were once taken by Mahmud Ghaznawi in the years 1000-1026 AD from his India campaign. It varies from Dasikane Roma (Christian), and Horahane Roma (Muslim) in the Balkans, as well as by the different Roma subgroups around the World. Many legends and theories exist in the different countries where Roma live in. There is no 100% single origin theory that is accepted by all different Roma groups.
Records cannot identify exactly why the Roma migrated from India there are a number of possible motives, such as famine and military invasions on the part of Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE) and/or Mahmud of Ghazni (971-1030 CE). Their history however is retold by clan family customs, such as singing and storytelling. The Roma find issues with documenting their own exact origin due to a lack of finding specific records left by ancestors. Other factors such as DNA and blood groups and unwritten customs also suggest Indian subcontinent origins of the Roma, possibly the main haplogroup of the Romani men (HM82), which is definitely Indian, could be explained. Linguists use these phonological similarities as well as features of phonological developments which emerged during the early transition stage from Old Sanskrit to Middle Indic Prakrit to conclude that the history of Romani began in Central India. The Romani language shares many features with the Central Indo-Aryan languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and Rajasthani it also shares connections with Northern Indo-Aryan languages like Kashmiri, and the language itself contains a cluster of Persian and Arabic words. Features of phonological developments which emerged during the early transition stage from Old to Middle Indic prove that the history of Romani began in Central India. Many report in extracts from popular literature that Romani emerged from the North-west regions of India, rather than from Central India. Linguistic and phonological research has traced the Roma people's origin to places in the Indian subcontinent, specifically linking Proto-Romani groups to Central India. Further information: Origins of the Romani people
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